See 確認 on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "确认",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "確認",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "zàiquèrèn",
"word": "再確認"
},
{
"roman": "zàiquèrèn",
"word": "再确认"
},
{
"roman": "quèrèn zhǔyì",
"word": "確認主義"
},
{
"roman": "quèrèn zhǔyì",
"word": "确认主义"
},
{
"roman": "quèrèn piānwù",
"word": "確認偏誤"
},
{
"roman": "quèrèn piānwù",
"word": "确认偏误"
},
{
"roman": "quèrèn guò yǎnshén",
"word": "確認過眼神"
},
{
"roman": "quèrèn guò yǎnshén",
"word": "确认过眼神"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to confirm; to verify; to affirm; to acknowledge"
],
"id": "en-確認-zh-verb-mt22LktK",
"links": [
[
"confirm",
"confirm"
],
[
"verify",
"verify"
],
[
"affirm",
"affirm"
],
[
"acknowledge",
"acknowledge"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "zhǐdìng",
"word": "指定"
},
{
"roman": "quèdìng",
"word": "確定"
},
{
"roman": "quèdìng",
"word": "确定"
},
{
"roman": "rèndìng",
"word": "認定"
},
{
"roman": "rèndìng",
"word": "认定"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "quèrèn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄖㄣˋ"
},
{
"audio": "Zh-quèrèn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/Zh-quèrèn.ogg/Zh-quèrèn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zh-quèrèn.ogg",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "kok³ jing⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "khok-ngin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "kog ngin^˖"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "kah⁶ ning⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khak-līn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khak-jīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "quèrèn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄖㄣˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "cyuèrèn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "chʻüeh⁴-jên⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "chywè-rèn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "chiuehrenn"
},
{
"roman": "cjuežɛnʹ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "цюэжэнь"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɻən⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "kok³ jing⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "kok yihng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kok⁸ jing⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "kog³ ying⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔːk̚³ jɪŋ²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "khok-ngin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "kog^ˋ ngin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "kog⁵ ngin⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰok̚² ŋin⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "kog ngin^˖"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰok⁵⁻² ŋin³³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "kah⁶ ning⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "kah⁴ ning⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Hinghwa-Romanized"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "kah-nīng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaʔ²¹⁻⁴² niŋ¹¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "kah⁶ ning⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "kah⁷ ning⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaʔ²⁻⁴ niŋ²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khak-līn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "khak-līn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "qaklin"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰak̚³²⁻⁴ lin²²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰak̚³²⁻⁴ lin³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰak̚⁵⁻²⁴ lin⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Zhangzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khak-jīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Zhangzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "khak-jīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Zhangzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "qakjin"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰak̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zin²²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Zhangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰak̚³²⁻⁴ zin³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Zhangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "確認"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "確認",
"ruby": [
[
"確",
"かく"
],
[
"認",
"にん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かくにん"
},
"expansion": "確(かく)認(にん) • (kakunin)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"english": "confirmation of the details of one's reservation",
"roman": "go-yoyaku naiyō kakunin",
"ruby": [
[
"予",
"よ"
],
[
"約",
"やく"
],
[
"内",
"ない"
],
[
"容",
"よう"
],
[
"確",
"かく"
],
[
"認",
"にん"
]
],
"text": "ご予約内容確認",
"translation": "confirmation of the details of one's reservation",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"confirmation"
],
"id": "en-確認-ja-noun-k83Mxm-M",
"links": [
[
"confirmation",
"confirmation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠kɯ̟ɲ̟ĩɴ]"
},
{
"other": "かくにん"
}
],
"word": "確認"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "確認する transitive suru",
"ruby": [
[
"確",
"かく"
],
[
"認",
"にん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "確認し",
"roman": "kakunin shi",
"ruby": [
[
"確",
"かく"
],
[
"認",
"にん"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "確認した",
"roman": "kakunin shita",
"ruby": [
[
"確",
"かく"
],
[
"認",
"にん"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-verbconj-row",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "確認し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "確認し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "確認する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "確認する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "確認すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "確認せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "確認しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "確認される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "確認させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "確認さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "確認できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "確認しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "確認しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "確認せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "確認します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "確認した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "確認して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "確認すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かくにん",
"tr": "trans"
},
"expansion": "確(かく)認(にん)する • (kakunin suru) transitive suru (stem 確(かく)認(にん)し (kakunin shi), past 確(かく)認(にん)した (kakunin shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms read with on'yomi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
19,
26
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "check the version of your browser",
"roman": "burauza no bājon o kakunin suru",
"ruby": [
[
"確",
"かく"
],
[
"認",
"にん"
]
],
"text": "ブラウザのバージョンを確認する",
"translation": "check the version of your browser",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
18,
25
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
19
]
],
"english": "I want to make sure I can use it.",
"roman": "Tsukaeru ka dō ka kakunin shitai.",
"ruby": [
[
"使",
"つか"
],
[
"確",
"かく"
],
[
"認",
"にん"
]
],
"text": "使えるかどうか確認したい。",
"translation": "I want to make sure I can use it.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to confirm, to make sure, to check, to verify"
],
"id": "en-確認-ja-verb-NIDFzGID",
"links": [
[
"confirm",
"confirm"
],
[
"make sure",
"make sure"
],
[
"check",
"check"
],
[
"verify",
"verify"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠kɯ̟ɲ̟ĩɴ]"
},
{
"other": "かくにん"
}
],
"word": "確認"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "hwagin",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "확인",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "확인"
},
"expansion": "確認 • (hwagin) (hangeul 확인)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "confirmation",
"word": "확인"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 확인 (“confirmation”)"
],
"id": "en-確認-ko-noun-4d2YY9rp",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"확인",
"확인#Korean"
],
[
"confirmation",
"confirmation"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "確認"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "確認",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "確認",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of xác nhận (“to confirm, to check, to verify”)"
],
"id": "en-確認-vi-verb-GXdGF7CB",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"xác nhận",
"xác nhận#Vietnamese:_確認"
],
[
"confirm",
"confirm"
],
[
"check",
"check"
],
[
"verify",
"verify"
]
]
}
],
"word": "確認"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "zàiquèrèn",
"word": "再確認"
},
{
"roman": "zàiquèrèn",
"word": "再确认"
},
{
"roman": "quèrèn zhǔyì",
"word": "確認主義"
},
{
"roman": "quèrèn zhǔyì",
"word": "确认主义"
},
{
"roman": "quèrèn piānwù",
"word": "確認偏誤"
},
{
"roman": "quèrèn piānwù",
"word": "确认偏误"
},
{
"roman": "quèrèn guò yǎnshén",
"word": "確認過眼神"
},
{
"roman": "quèrèn guò yǎnshén",
"word": "确认过眼神"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "确认",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "確認",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese verbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 確",
"Chinese terms spelled with 認",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka verbs",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien verbs",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation",
"Mandarin verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Puxian Min lemmas",
"Puxian Min verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to confirm; to verify; to affirm; to acknowledge"
],
"links": [
[
"confirm",
"confirm"
],
[
"verify",
"verify"
],
[
"affirm",
"affirm"
],
[
"acknowledge",
"acknowledge"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "quèrèn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄖㄣˋ"
},
{
"audio": "Zh-quèrèn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/Zh-quèrèn.ogg/Zh-quèrèn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zh-quèrèn.ogg",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "kok³ jing⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "khok-ngin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "kog ngin^˖"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "kah⁶ ning⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khak-līn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khak-jīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "quèrèn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄖㄣˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "cyuèrèn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "chʻüeh⁴-jên⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "chywè-rèn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "chiuehrenn"
},
{
"roman": "cjuežɛnʹ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "цюэжэнь"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɻən⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "kok³ jing⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "kok yihng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kok⁸ jing⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "kog³ ying⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔːk̚³ jɪŋ²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "khok-ngin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "kog^ˋ ngin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "kog⁵ ngin⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰok̚² ŋin⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "kog ngin^˖"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰok⁵⁻² ŋin³³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "kah⁶ ning⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "kah⁴ ning⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Hinghwa-Romanized"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "kah-nīng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaʔ²¹⁻⁴² niŋ¹¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "kah⁶ ning⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "kah⁷ ning⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaʔ²⁻⁴ niŋ²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khak-līn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "khak-līn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "qaklin"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰak̚³²⁻⁴ lin²²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰak̚³²⁻⁴ lin³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰak̚⁵⁻²⁴ lin⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Zhangzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khak-jīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Zhangzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "khak-jīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Zhangzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "qakjin"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰak̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zin²²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Zhangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰak̚³²⁻⁴ zin³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Zhangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "zhǐdìng",
"word": "指定"
},
{
"roman": "quèdìng",
"word": "確定"
},
{
"roman": "quèdìng",
"word": "确定"
},
{
"roman": "rèndìng",
"word": "認定"
},
{
"roman": "rèndìng",
"word": "认定"
}
],
"word": "確認"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms read with on'yomi",
"Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 確 read as かく",
"Japanese terms spelled with 認 read as にん",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "確認",
"ruby": [
[
"確",
"かく"
],
[
"認",
"にん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かくにん"
},
"expansion": "確(かく)認(にん) • (kakunin)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"english": "confirmation of the details of one's reservation",
"roman": "go-yoyaku naiyō kakunin",
"ruby": [
[
"予",
"よ"
],
[
"約",
"やく"
],
[
"内",
"ない"
],
[
"容",
"よう"
],
[
"確",
"かく"
],
[
"認",
"にん"
]
],
"text": "ご予約内容確認",
"translation": "confirmation of the details of one's reservation",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"confirmation"
],
"links": [
[
"confirmation",
"confirmation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠kɯ̟ɲ̟ĩɴ]"
},
{
"other": "かくにん"
}
],
"word": "確認"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms read with on'yomi",
"Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 確 read as かく",
"Japanese terms spelled with 認 read as にん",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "確認する transitive suru",
"ruby": [
[
"確",
"かく"
],
[
"認",
"にん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "確認し",
"roman": "kakunin shi",
"ruby": [
[
"確",
"かく"
],
[
"認",
"にん"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "確認した",
"roman": "kakunin shita",
"ruby": [
[
"確",
"かく"
],
[
"認",
"にん"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-verbconj-row",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "確認し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "確認し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "確認する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "確認する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "確認すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "確認せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "確認しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "確認される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "確認させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "確認さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "確認できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "確認しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "確認しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "確認せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "確認します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "確認した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "確認して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "確認すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "かくにんすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kakunin sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かくにん",
"tr": "trans"
},
"expansion": "確(かく)認(にん)する • (kakunin suru) transitive suru (stem 確(かく)認(にん)し (kakunin shi), past 確(かく)認(にん)した (kakunin shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
19,
26
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "check the version of your browser",
"roman": "burauza no bājon o kakunin suru",
"ruby": [
[
"確",
"かく"
],
[
"認",
"にん"
]
],
"text": "ブラウザのバージョンを確認する",
"translation": "check the version of your browser",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
18,
25
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
19
]
],
"english": "I want to make sure I can use it.",
"roman": "Tsukaeru ka dō ka kakunin shitai.",
"ruby": [
[
"使",
"つか"
],
[
"確",
"かく"
],
[
"認",
"にん"
]
],
"text": "使えるかどうか確認したい。",
"translation": "I want to make sure I can use it.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to confirm, to make sure, to check, to verify"
],
"links": [
[
"confirm",
"confirm"
],
[
"make sure",
"make sure"
],
[
"check",
"check"
],
[
"verify",
"verify"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠kɯ̟ɲ̟ĩɴ]"
},
{
"other": "かくにん"
}
],
"word": "確認"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "hwagin",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "확인",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "확인"
},
"expansion": "確認 • (hwagin) (hangeul 확인)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "confirmation",
"word": "확인"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 확인 (“confirmation”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"확인",
"확인#Korean"
],
[
"confirmation",
"confirmation"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "確認"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "確認",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "確認",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"Vietnamese verbs in Han script"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of xác nhận (“to confirm, to check, to verify”)"
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"xác nhận",
"xác nhận#Vietnamese:_確認"
],
[
"confirm",
"confirm"
],
[
"check",
"check"
],
[
"verify",
"verify"
]
]
}
],
"word": "確認"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 確認 meaning in All languages combined (16.6kB)
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E7%A2%BA%E8%AA%8D'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"確認"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "確認",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.